Papers on astrometric detection of non-linear stellar paths due to companions in long-period orbits:

G. H. Kaplan and V. V. Makarov (2003), "Astrometric Detection of Binary Companions and Planets: Acceleration of Proper Motion", Astronomische Nachrichten 324, No. 5, pp. 419-424.     (Abstract)

The development in Appendix A of the above paper is given in more detail in G. H. Kaplan (2003), "Curved Stellar Paths and Proper Motion Determination", USNO Astronomical Applications Dept. Technical Report No. 2003-02.    PostScript   PDF

V. V. Makarov and G. H. Kaplan (2005), "Statistical Constraints for Astrometric Binaries with Nonlinear Motion", Astronomical Journal 129, pp. 2420-2427.     (Abstract)

Reprints are available. Please specify paper title and author(s) and a complete mailing address.